Theory
Meanings and phrases
theory
- a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena
- a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena; hypothesis; possibility
- a belief that can guide behavior
n.
- (chemistry) theory that describes aqueous solutions in terms of acids (which dissociate to give hydrogen ions) and bases (which dissociate to give hydroxyl ions); the product of an acid and a base is a salt and water; theory of dissociation; theory of electrolytic dissociation
Bohr theory
- (physics) a theory of atomic structure that combined Rutherford's model with the quantum theory; electrons orbiting a nucleus can only be in certain stationary energy states and light is emitted when electrons jump from one energy state to another
n.
- a generalization of special relativity to include gravity (based on the principle of equivalence); general relativity; general theory of relativity; general relativity theory
n.
- a physical theory of relativity based on the assumption that the speed of light in a vacuum is a constant and the assumption that the laws of physics are invariant in all inertial systems; special relativity; special theory of relativity; special relativity theory
n.
- (physics) the theory that space and time are relative concepts rather than absolute concepts; relativity; theory of relativity; relativity theory
Galois theory
- group theory applied to the solution of algebraic equations
Malthusian theory
- Malthus' theory that population increase would outpace increases in the means of subsistence; Malthusianism
n.
- (physics) the theory that any two particles of matter attract one another with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them; theory of gravitation; theory of gravity; gravitational theory
n.
- (chemistry) the theory that all indicators are either weak acids or weak bases in which the color of the ionized form is different from the color before dissociation; theory of indicators
n.
- (psychology) a theory that association is the basic principle of mental activity; associationism
n.
- a theory of the structure of the atom
- (chemistry) any theory in which all matter is composed of tiny discrete finite indivisible indestructible particles; atomism; atomist theory; atomistic theory
atomist theory
- (chemistry) any theory in which all matter is composed of tiny discrete finite indivisible indestructible particles; atomism; atomic theory; atomistic theory
n.
- (chemistry) any theory in which all matter is composed of tiny discrete finite indivisible indestructible particles; atomism; atomic theory; atomist theory
n.
- (cosmology) the theory that the universe originated sometime between 10 billion and 20 billion years ago from the cataclysmic explosion of a small volume of matter at extremely high density and temperature; big-bang theory
big-bang theory
- (cosmology) the theory that the universe originated sometime between 10 billion and 20 billion years ago from the cataclysmic explosion of a small volume of matter at extremely high density and temperature; big bang theory
n.
- (biology) the theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms; proposed in 1838 by Matthias Schleiden and by Theodor Schwann; cell doctrine
n.
- the discipline that studies the principles of transmiting information and the methods by which it is delivered (as print or radio or television etc.); communications
- In sociology he laid the ground for communication theory.
- This success is a result of advances in communication theory and low power dissipation design process.
- Shannon's work on cryptography was even more closely related to his later publications on communication theory.
n.
- (cosmology) the theory that the universe maintains a constant average density with matter created to fill the void left by galaxies that are receding from each other; steady state theory
n.
- (physics) the theory that light is transmitted as a stream of particles; corpuscular theory of light
n.
- (physics) the theory that light is transmitted as a stream of particles; corpuscular theory
n.
- the political theory that if one nation comes under communist control then neighboring nations will also come under communist control
n.
- (economics) a theory of commercial activities (such as the production and consumption of goods)
- He pioneered the economic theory of index numbers.
- Such a situation runs counter to neo-classical economic theory.
- Smith laid the foundations of classical free market economic theory.
n.
- (physics) a theory that explains a physical phenomenon in terms of a field and the manner in which it interacts with matter or with other fields
- He made a series of conjectures on class field theory.
- This approach is the essence of crystal field theory (CFT).
- Liouville field theory is associated to the A Cartan matrix.
n.
- (economics) a theory of competition stated in terms of gains and losses among opposing players; theory of games
- It uses game theory to formalize political theory.
- It appears in unlikely fields such as game theory.
- This particular view of game theory has been criticized.
n.
- a generalization of special relativity to include gravity (based on the principle of equivalence); general relativity; general theory of relativity; Einstein's general theory of relativity
n.
- a generalization of special relativity to include gravity (based on the principle of equivalence); general relativity; general relativity theory; Einstein's general theory of relativity
n.
- (medicine) the theory that all contagious diseases are caused by microorganisms
- At the time, the germ theory of disease was very new and far from universally accepted.
- Using a method valid in immunology before the discovery of germ theory, his work saved many lives.
- Another important landmark in medicine and biology were the successful efforts to prove the germ theory of disease.
n.
- (physics) the theory that any two particles of matter attract one another with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them; theory of gravitation; theory of gravity; Newton's theory of gravitation
n.
- the branch of mathematics dealing with groups
- It is, by elementary group theory, injective.
- Algebraic graph theory has close links with group theory.
- It is part of the mathematical field known as group theory.
n.
- the theory that the parts of any whole cannot exist and cannot be understood except in their relation to the whole; holism
adv.
- with regard to fundamentals although not concerning details; in principle; in essence
n.
- (computer science) a statistical theory dealing with the limits and efficiency of information processing
- It is now a large field of study, part of information theory.
- The concept of entropy plays a central role in information theory.
- The 1950s also saw developmental activity based upon information theory.
n.
- (physics) a theory that gases consist of small particles in random motion; kinetic theory of gases
n.
- (physics) a theory that gases consist of small particles in random motion; kinetic theory
n.
- a theory that the temperature of a body increases when kinetic energy increases
n.
- the branch of geology studying the folding and faulting of the earth's crust; tectonics; plate tectonics
n.
- an orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group or nation; political orientation; ideology
- It uses game theory to formalize political theory.
- Ephorist political theory was, at its core, a liberal one.
- ("For Mormon theocratic political theory, see" Theodemocracy).
n.
- the branch of applied mathematics that deals with probabilities; theory of probability
- This idea is formalized in probability theory by conditioning.
- It combines classical predicate logic and probability theory (Bayesian inference).
- In probability theory, the result implies compactness of a tight family of measures.
n.
- the branch of quantum physics that is concerned with the theory of fields; it was motivated by the question of how an atom radiates light as its electrons jump from excited states
- In quantum field theory n-dimensional integrals of the form appear often.
- With James Glimm, he founded the subject called constructive quantum field theory.
- The correlation functions of a quantum field theory describe the scattering of particles.
n.
- (physics) a physical theory that certain properties occur only in discrete amounts (quanta)
- This reflects the nature of measurement in quantum theory.
- the quantum theory section, below).
- This corresponds to the entangling of particles in quantum theory.
n.
- (physics) the theory that space and time are relative concepts rather than absolute concepts; relativity; theory of relativity; Einstein's theory of relativity
n.
- a theory that explains scientific observations
- For Popper, such statements form the empirical basis of scientific theory.
- In fact, Popper found that a scientific theory is better if its truth is more "im"probable.
- In particular, a scientific theory that is falsified remains scientific and can still be used in science.
n.
- the branch of pure mathematics that deals with the nature and relations of sets
- Axiomatic set theory was at that point not yet formulated.
- The first development of set theory was a naïve set theory.
n.
- a physical theory of relativity based on the assumption that the speed of light in a vacuum is a constant and the assumption that the laws of physics are invariant in all inertial systems; special relativity; special theory of relativity; Einstein's special theory of relativity
n.
- a physical theory of relativity based on the assumption that the speed of light in a vacuum is a constant and the assumption that the laws of physics are invariant in all inertial systems; special relativity; special relativity theory; Einstein's special theory of relativity
n.
- (cosmology) the theory that the universe maintains a constant average density with matter created to fill the void left by galaxies that are receding from each other; continuous creation theory
n.
- (particle physics) a theory that postulates that subatomic particles are one-dimensional strings
- Recently pure spinors have attracted attention in string theory.
- Indeed, string theory implies that the landscape is very big and diverse.
- Mathematical aspects of string theory (San Diego, Calif., 1986), 629—646, Adv.
n.
- (chemistry) theory that describes aqueous solutions in terms of acids (which dissociate to give hydrogen ions) and bases (which dissociate to give hydroxyl ions); the product of an acid and a base is a salt and water; theory of electrolytic dissociation; Arrhenius theory of dissociation
n.
- (chemistry) theory that describes aqueous solutions in terms of acids (which dissociate to give hydrogen ions) and bases (which dissociate to give hydroxyl ions); the product of an acid and a base is a salt and water; theory of dissociation; Arrhenius theory of dissociation
n.
- (biology) a scientific theory of the origin of species of plants and animals; theory of organic evolution; evolutionism
- Poots is a young earth creationist and rejects the theory of evolution.
- Naturalistic writers were influenced by the theory of evolution of Charles Darwin.
- This undoubtedly is the logical final stage in the geopolitical theory of evolution."
n.
- (economics) a theory of competition stated in terms of gains and losses among opposing players; game theory
n.
- (physics) the theory that any two particles of matter attract one another with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them; theory of gravity; gravitational theory; Newton's theory of gravitation
n.
- (physics) the theory that any two particles of matter attract one another with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them; theory of gravitation; gravitational theory; Newton's theory of gravitation
n.
- (chemistry) the theory that all indicators are either weak acids or weak bases in which the color of the ionized form is different from the color before dissociation; Ostwald's theory of indicators
n.
- (biology) a theory of how characteristics of one generation are derived from earlier generations
n.
- (biology) a scientific theory of the origin of species of plants and animals; theory of evolution; evolutionism
n.
- a theory (popular in the 18th century and now discredited) that an individual develops by simple enlargement of a tiny fully formed organism (a homunculus) that exists in the germ cell; preformation
n.
- the branch of applied mathematics that deals with probabilities; probability theory
n.
- a theory of evolution holding that evolutionary change in the fossil record came in fits and starts rather than in a steady process of slow change; punctuated equilibrium
n.
- (physics) the theory that space and time are relative concepts rather than absolute concepts; relativity; relativity theory; Einstein's theory of relativity
- Einstein adopted Minkowski's formalism in his 1915 general theory of relativity.
- This work of Riemann later became fundamental for Einstein's theory of relativity.
- The universality of physical laws is the underlying principle of the theory of relativity.
n.
- (physics) the theory that light is transmitted as waves; wave theory; wave theory of light
n.
- (physics) the theory that light is transmitted as waves; undulatory theory; wave theory of light
- But Young was then the only public defender of the wave theory.
- Much of the behaviour of light can be modelled using classical wave theory.
- The conceptual gap between the wave theory and selectionism had widened again.
n.
- (physics) the theory that light is transmitted as waves; wave theory; undulatory theory
E.g.
- Nobutoki taught him music theory in the German tradition.
- He was professor of music theory, composition and orchestration.
- It will combine music practice with music theory, leading to M.A.
E.g.
- He has also worked on computational number theory.
- Factorials have many applications in number theory.
- In 1947 Dyson published two papers in number theory.
E.g.
- Population regulation in theory and practice.
- Biological control in theory and practice.
- Democracy has taken a number of forms, both in theory and practice.
E.g.
- A conspiracy theory is not simply a conspiracy.
- Hirasawa has spoken out in favor of the Big Pharma conspiracy theory.
- An article published by Bloomberg L.P. also debunked the conspiracy theory.
E.g.
- A simpler statement of the theorem uses graph theory.
- It draws heavily on graph theory and mathematical logic.
- Algebraic graph theory has close links with group theory.
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- A general theory of cookies may be formulated this way.
- Informally, category theory is a general theory of functions.
- Thus, "a general theory of economic theories" (1983, p. xxvi).
E.g.
- Eventually the adelic approach became basic in automorphic representation theory.
- Beside the structure theory there is also the wide field of representation theory.
- These techniques are now basic in abstract harmonic analysis and representation theory.
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- Another theory suggests that Vratnica is some sort of gateway.
- The theory suggests that such riders would appear as half-man, half-animal.
- Role theory suggests that role senders provide cues to elicit desired behaviors.
E.g.
- Cognitive load also plays a role in ironic control theory.
- This was a landmark paper on control theory and mathematics of feedback.
- Being fairly new, modern control theory has many areas yet to be explored.
E.g.
- It has been called critical theory in practice.
- He is known for his expertise on critical theory and philosophy of technology.
- Engaged theory is one approach within the broader tradition of critical theory.
E.g.
- Van Schuppen's research interest are in the areas of systems theory and probability.
- Chapman is a leader in the fields of hierarchy theory, systems theory, and complexity.
- SDEs can be viewed as a generalization of the dynamical systems theory to models with noise.
E.g.
- Boas initially broke with evolutionary theory over the issue of kinship.
- He claimed to provide a new evolutionary theory to replace neo-Darwinism.
- Her research focussed on using "Drosophila melanogaster" to understand evolutionary theory.
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- Informally, category theory is a general theory of functions.
- Automorphism groups appear very naturally in category theory.
- In 1958 Riguet went to Zurich, working with IBM , studying category theory.
E.g.
- Starr's works have focused on politics, public policy, and social theory.
- In social theory, abstraction is used as both an ideational and material process.
- Reichelt has published widely on Marx, on Adorno's social theory and on economic theory.
E.g.
- To address this problem, a complexity theory for AI has been proposed.
- Co-NP In computational complexity theory, co-NP is a complexity class.
- The Valiant–Vazirani theorem is a theorem in computational complexity theory.
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- From 1970, he has taught literary theory at the University.
- Few examples of their use survive outside texts on literary theory.
- This fallacy would later be repudiated by theorists from the reader-response school of literary theory.
E.g.
- is beneficial to feminist theory, especially in comparison to other religions.
- Queer theory has been greatly influenced by feminist theory and women's studies.
- The "male gaze" is feminist theory that was first developed by Laura Mulvey in 1975.
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- The theory states that a person's cultural worldviews (religion, values, etc.)
- A theory states the cervical and uterine contractions during orgasm draw semen into the uterus.
- This theory states that a foundation is shallow if its depth is less than or equal to its width.
E.g.
- The new theory was proposed by Werner Heisenberg.
- In this last book he puts forward a radical new theory.
- Significantly, he suggested this new theory was renormalizable.
E.g.
- See k·p perturbation theory for an example.
- The disadvantage is that perturbation theory is very advanced mathematics.
- This allowed him to rewrite perturbation theory precisely in the form of diagrams.
E.g.
- In other words, is the computational theory of mind correct?
- Premack and Woodruff's 1978 article "Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?"
- In humans, these cells are involved in social conduct, emotions, judgment, and theory of mind.
E.g.
- This legal theory is termed the "unfairness doctrine."
- Historical practice sometimes diverged from legal theory.
- legal theory) and from public and private international law.
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- A mathematical theory of quantum cohomology.
- The resulting mathematical theory is called computable analysis.
- Crick taught himself the mathematical theory of X-ray crystallography.
E.g.
- At the core of Scott's vision was "an energy theory of value".
- They contained his theory of value, which was admired at the time.
- However, it developed an alternative theory of value and distribution.
E.g.
- Thorndike contributed arithmetic books based on learning theory.
- He received his Ph.D. in learning theory from Yale University in 1959.
- He was a pioneer in computational complexity theory and computational learning theory.
E.g.
- of a gauge theory.
- He also proposed the SU(2) gauge theory of high temperature superconductors (1996).
- For example, the BRST methods are often applied to gauge theory and quantized general relativity.
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- These classes are a main subject of study in model theory.
- Maltsev's first publications were on logic and model theory.
- In mathematical logic, this is often done in terms of model theory.
E.g.
- Many similarities to Anaximenes's theories are apparent in Plato’s theory.
- The “CFP” theory was the basis of Brian Josephson’s theory of his Effect (1962).
- Instead, Croly turned to Alexander Hamilton’s theory of big national government.
E.g.
- Many similarities to Anaximenes's theories are apparent in Plato’s theory.
- The “CFP” theory was the basis of Brian Josephson’s theory of his Effect (1962).
- Instead, Croly turned to Alexander Hamilton’s theory of big national government.
E.g.
- Yet another theory puts him into the Popponids family.
- Taking the native dating as broadly accurate, another theory has emerged.
- According to another theory, it may connect Ōita directly to the Kumamoto tectonic line.
E.g.
- In type theory, a different kind of statement is known as the axiom of choice.
- This work was a precursor of a modern formulation in terms of constructive type theory.
- The definition does work however in type theory and in New Foundations and related systems.
E.g.
- This anarchic view of decision making contrasts with traditional decision theory.
- Rabinowicz's areas of expertise include ethics, normativity, decision theory and utilitarianism.
- He is known for his expertise on epistemology, decision theory, mathematical logic and philosophy of mathematics.
E.g.
- However, it developed an alternative theory of value and distribution.
- An alternative theory says that the land was leased from the archdeacon.
- An alternative theory is that it refers to another smaller and rounder hill.
E.g.
- Aristotle developed a theory of progressive ensoulment.
- He developed a theory of the "taxon cycle".
- Tarkovsky developed a theory of cinema that he called "sculpting in time".
E.g.
- Social choice theory is about voting.
- Those familiar with both are likely to prefer choice theory, the more modern formulation.
- Glasser mostly ignores the issues of negative role models and stereotypes in choice theory.
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- This theory is based on the Aramaic writing of the name "Gamla" (with an Aleph at the end).
- This theory is based on the "Gaudavaho", a text composed by Yashovarman's court poet Vakpati.
- His theory is based directly on the "phenomenal field" personality theory of Combs and Snygg (1949).
E.g.
- One theory holds that he was the same person as the more famous .
- One theory holds that higher educated women are more likely to become career women.
- An alternate stronger theory holds that he was actually buried in the , located in .
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- He developed the theory of cognitive development.
- Azar developed the theory of protracted social conflict.
- He developed the theory of color vision.
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- He experimented with optical illusions and with the theory behind performance magic.
- An understanding of the technology involved, and the theory behind it became necessary.
- The theory behind these refuges is to slow the evolution of resistance to the pesticide.
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- He also wrote "Sculpting in Time", a book on film theory.
- In the late 1960s, the concept of genre became a significant part of film theory.
- Approaches include film theory, ethnography, political economy, and textual analysis.
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- An early proponent of chaos theory was Henri Poincaré.
- However, in chaos theory, the term is defined more precisely.
- Researchers have continued to apply chaos theory to psychology.
E.g.
- Co-NP In computational complexity theory, co-NP is a complexity class.
- The Valiant–Vazirani theorem is a theorem in computational complexity theory.
- He was a pioneer in computational complexity theory and computational learning theory.
E.g.
- She repudiates queer theory as anti-lesbian, anti-feminist, and anti-women.
- Lesbian feminists and radical feminists have been the most prominent critics of queer theory and queer politics.
- He has been considered one of Sweden's foremost queer theorists and was influential in introducing queer theory to Sweden.
E.g.
- This paradoxical result is explained by measure theory as follows.
- However "null set" is a distinct notion within the context of measure theory.
- Tightness of measures In mathematics, tightness is a concept in measure theory.
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- The psychoanalyst Juliet Mitchell argues that Millett, like many other feminists, misreads Freud and misunderstands the implications of psychoanalytic theory for feminism.
- A controversy emerged regarding deletion of the concept of neurosis, a mainstream of psychoanalytic theory and therapy but seen as vague and unscientific by the DSM task force.
- In psychoanalytic theory, there has been the idea of an inner or representational world (proposed by Freud) as well as the internalization of relationships (Fairbairn, Winnicott).
E.g.
- As for Sanya, he chooses to pursue his interest in music theory and composition.
- From 1992 until his death he taught theory and composition at the Tirana Conservatory.
- From 1951 to 1966, he taught music theory and composition at the Music Academy Warsaw.
E.g.
- This is where density functional theory comes in.
- The data for the animation was obtained from density functional theory molecular dynamics computer simulations.
- The density functional theory (DFT) has been widely used since the 1970s for band structure calculations of variety of solids.
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- Bem's theory does not seem to fit female homosexuality.
- Quantum theory does this very successfully."
- The theory does not regularly arise in the English-language media in Wales.
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- It is an important aspect of general attachment theory.
- However, when Bowlby developed his attachment theory, cognitive psychology was still at its beginning.
- The idea of an "environment of evolutionary adaptedness" was first explored as a part of attachment theory by John Bowlby.
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- Within international relations theory he is known for this theory of subaltern realism.
- Salter's research focuses on Critical security studies and International relations theory.
- Salter teaches undergraduate and graduate courses on international relations theory and geopolitics.
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- A theme in Barwick's work is the homotopy theory of higher categories.
- Hopkins' work concentrates on algebraic topology, especially stable homotopy theory.
- Much of his recent work has concerned equivariant algebraic "K"-theory and equivariant homotopy theory.
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- Value theory was important in classical theory.
- The classical theory is given below.
- The classical theory of concepts says that concepts have a definitional structure.
E.g.
- Although the River Continuum Concept is a broadly accepted theory, it is limited in its applicability.
- Hume opposed the widely accepted theory of Causation that 'all events have a specific course or reason.'
- The most widely accepted theory is that the modern game of golf originated in Scotland in the High Middle Ages.
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- A mathematical theory of quantum cohomology.
- Linear operators are ubiquitous in the theory of quantum mechanics.
- A theory of quantum gravity is needed in order to reconcile these differences.
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- The theory proposes that a number of passages—1 Cor.
- Another theory proposes the blocking of the signal downstream.
- The older, “bottom-up” theory proposes that they are built atom-by-atom.
E.g.
- This is where density functional theory comes in.
- The data for the animation was obtained from density functional theory molecular dynamics computer simulations.
- The density functional theory (DFT) has been widely used since the 1970s for band structure calculations of variety of solids.
E.g.
- Role ethics is an ethical theory based on family roles.
- Anarchist ethics is an ethical theory based on the studies of anarchist thinkers.
- Critical ethnography Critical ethnography applies a critical theory based approach to ethnography.
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- However, this theory is not universally accepted.
- A conspiracy theory is not simply a conspiracy.
- Likewise, an axiomatic set theory is not necessarily consistent: not necessarily free of paradoxes.
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- In 1972, he was appointed professor of music history and theory at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague .
- It places, or attempts to place, the work in relationship to art history and theory, the art world and the times.
- While in her twenties Miles studied voice with a private teacher and classical music history and theory at Carleton University in Ottawa.
E.g.
- The term was presented in a theory developed by Edward Azar.
- Protracted social conflicts is a theory developed by Edward Azar.
- Mises (1912) applied the marginal utility theory developed by Carl Menger to money.
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- knot theory.
- In 1963, he solved an open problem in knot theory by proving that there are non-invertible knots.
- In the 1990s and 2000s, his research dealt with knot theory (and its algebras) and quantum groups.
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- Cultural interpretation (an art theory of some kind) is therefore constitutive of an object's arthood."
- It is clear that ‘modernist’ Western art theory rejects these conventions, especially in their trivialized form.
- In the 1980s, under the rubric of Collins & Milazzo, he co-curated art exhibitions and co-wrote works on art and art theory.
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- Rogers' elaboration of his own theory is extensive.
- Since Lewis did not fully answer that question, Tillyard offers his own theory of poetry.
- That is why Diamond lands on his own theory of geographical causes for developmental differences.
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- For example, coding theory makes use of matrices over finite fields.
- The area has further connections to coding theory and geometric combinatorics.
- There are applications of β-expansions in coding theory and models of quasicrystals (; ).